• The main patterns of trade distribution in Sumatera Utara Province for 8 strategic commodities are:
Rice: Producers → Wholesalers → Retailers → Final Consumers
Red chili: Farmers → Collector traders → Retail traders → Final consumersRace chicken: Producers → Retailers → Final consumersBeef: Producers → Retailers → Final Consumers.Shallots: Farmers → Collector traders → Retail traders → Final consumers.Broiler eggs: Producers → Wholesalers → Retailers → Final Consumers.Granulated Sugar: Manufacturers → Distributors → Retailers → Final Consumers.Cooking oil: Producers → Distributors → Retailers → Final consumers.• Percentage of Trade and Transport Margin (MPP) for rice in 2018 of 12.27 percent; red chili peppers 26.19 percent; pedigree chicken meat 23.04 percent; beef 21.69 percent; onion 50.17 percent; purebred chicken eggs 23.98 percent; granulated sugar 12.31 percent; and cooking oil 21.98 percent.